Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is customary that cystitis is an exclusively female disease.But this is not true.Representatives of the strongest sex are also subject to the disease.About how the symptoms of cystitis occur in men and how to treat it properly and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary tract, designed to collect and withdraw urine.In the latter process, an important role is played by the walls of the instrument that have a muscle base and thanks to it they are able to stretch.However, the mucous membrane of the bladder is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called the neck.The urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two ureters flow to the upper section - channels through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis to men
Acute cystitis becomes noticeable, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant to the rectum.In particular, the pain manifests itself at the beginning and the end of urination.In addition, the symptoms of cystitis include lower abdominal pain, pubis, regardless of urination, but with this procedure intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however, the number of urination desire can reach several times in one hour.After the urination, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.Also, with cystitis, there are often signs such as urinary incontinence, urgent urination.The deterioration of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of body poisoning (malaise, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Change of urine color,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant smell of urine.
Often, with the disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process in which urine enters the ureter and then the kidneys, which leads to the disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (about 2-3 times a year) replacing the recession periods.During the recession, the symptoms of the disease do not occur practically.Media cystitis is a severe form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of the disease, deterioration occurs extremely often and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Diagnosis
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability of cystitis, you should contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows you to create or exclude the connection of cystitis to men with other diseases of male organs.The diagnosis is mainly performed by general urine analysis.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a decisive feature may be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells and protozogs.Also done:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- Urine analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Sowing the urine to detect an infectious agent.
A study for a chain polymerase (PCR) chain is carried out if suspected of a sexually transmitted infection.The bladder uzi is ineffective as it requires a full bladder, and with a given disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, kidney and prostate ultrasound can be useful as they help detect simultaneous diseases.Such procedures as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, urofelography (study of high -speed urine parameters through the urethra) are performed.Overalloscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps detect stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as obtain a biopathic for analysis.Cystitis should be differentiated from diseases such as bladder and prostate tumors.
Kyssritis: What is for men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists of irritation and damage to the walls of the bladder.Cystitis is actually women are more likely to suffer.About 2-3 in 10 fair sex representatives at least once in a lifetime suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any form.In most cases, these are men over 45 years.The difference in the frequency of gender diseases is explained by normal differences in the structure of their genitals.First of all, men have a very large and desperate urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, as immune cells are active in them.In addition, in the male body, the urethra hole is far from the anus, so it is practically excluded from entering the channel of pathogenic microflora from the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the exterior through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of the kidneys or diseases of the prostate.In general, cystitis does not always have an infectious nature.However, if we talk about infectious cystitis, then they are more often bacterial cystitis, less often - fungal.Even less often cystitis is caused by multicellular pests.Most of the time, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of the action of E. Coli (80%).The causative agents of the disease can also be:
- False stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- Chlamydia,
- Trihomons,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
Infectious cystitis caused by Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasmas, Gonococci, Koch Sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by pathogenic bacteria that constantly enhance the body.The rare varieties of cystitis are those caused by purple, radiomycotic and schistotosomy.The pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.Depending on this, cystitis is divided into decreasing, rising, lymphatic and hematogenic.The upward choice of infection (from the urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is more commonly downward (in the case of kidney infection), as well as hematogenous and lymphogenic.There is also a non -infectious cystitis.Can be caused:
- functions or diagnostic procedures in the bladder;
- Impact of radiation on the body, for example, with prostate radiotherapy.
- bladder injuries from foreign bodies, for example, stones.
- Urine secreted chemicals and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
Also, the cysics are divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins on its own, directly to the bladder.In the second cyusitis it is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, is divided into intra -emergency cystitis.For example, the stones in the bladder and the neoplasms of this organ are intra -abdominal causes and the diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the area of inflammation is the triangle of urine, then such a cystitis is called a trigonite.Also, depending on the position of the inflammation, cervical and diffuse cystitis are secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation in the neck of the bladder is observed.The diffuse form of the disease is manifested in inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how much the bubble wall hits, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- catarrhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- phlegmatic,
- gangrenous.
The lighter shape, which only affects the surface layers of the walls, is runny nose.In the case of gangreles, the pathological process leads to the necrotic walls.To determine the degree of the disease, cystoscopy is used with subsequent biopsy.Factors that contribute to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- Hypothema of the body.
- reduction of immunity;
- stress;
- Consciously retarded urine, rarely evacuating bladder.
- Kidney diseases, prostate.
- Non -compliance with personal hygiene rules.
- Diseases accompanied by the occurrence of infection focus (tonsillitis, sinusitis, furrip, dental diseases, etc.).
- spine injuries;
- diabetes mellitus.
- Alcohol abuse.
The complications of cystitis may be paul (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder), pyelonephritis, hardening of the bladder walls, perforation of the bubble walls, inflammation of the kidneys (as a result of the reciprocity).
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment is usually done at home.It is possible to be directed to a hospital in acute cystitis if there is a bleeding or gangyl form or acute urine maintenance.The methods of treatment with cystitis are mainly drugs.Although other techniques can be used, for example, physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic and laser treatment, dirt), bladder rinsing with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by a high temperature, then the patient needs bed rest.Heat adhesion to the groin area (with the exception of hemorrhagic and tuberculosis cystitis) occurs.
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fat, fried, acute and acidic food, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Also recommended by apples, fruit drinks and lingonberry fruits - increase the anti -lingering properties of the bladder mucous membrane, that is, difficult to adapt bacteria to the bubble walls.Phytoocha and Lingonberries have undoubted benefits.It is important not to forget an abundant drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.During the deterioration of cystitis, smoking is recommended.Surgical treatment is used in the case of gangrene cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine to treat male cystitis
Pharmaceutical therapy may be etotropic or symptomatic.Eetotropic therapy aims to neutralize the pathogenic organisms - pathogens of the disease.The purpose of symptomatic treatment is to relieve the unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then a course of antibiotics is required.The most commonly used medicines in the fluoroquinolone group. The duration of the admission is usually a week.Before choosing an antibiotic treatment system, it is necessary to conduct a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Preparations are used with herbal anti -inflammatory and antibacterial ingredients, lawn lawns, ponytail decoction and St. John's Wort.Another category of drugs used for the disease are anticonvulsants that help relieve convulsions and are caused by pain.NSAIDs are also used to reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation.With severe pain, novocaine exclusions are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - increase the resistance of the body of infection.
Prevention
The fact that men rarely suffer from cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be maintained in the minds of this disease not only very unpleasant and significantly reduced quality of life, but also potentially fatal, in the absence of proper treatment,You need to monitor personal hygiene, level of immunity, avoid hypothermia, go to the toilet regularly, avoid urine stagnation, cure infectious diseases in time that can create outbreaks of infection - sinusitis